Loe raamatut: «Ndị Africa»

Dị ka otu nsụgharị si kwuo, okwu ahụ bụ "Africa" sitere n'aha Berber ebo Afrigia, bụ ndị bi n'ebe ugwu nke Afrika Afrika, e nwekwara ógbè Rom nke Africa. Rome hibere mpaghara Afrịka nke Rome na 146 BC. e. na saịtị nke Carthaginian steeti, nwere akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Tunisia nke oge a. N'oge oge nke Alaeze Ukwu, Africa bụ nke ndị omeiwu na-achị ma na-achị achị. A na-eji oge a na-achị Alaeze Ukwu site na ọganihu nke usoro obodo. Obodo nwetara ikike nke obodo na obodo. Ndị na-achịkarị n'obodo ndị ahụ bụ ndị Rom na-achị na ndị Romanized nke ndị obodo. Na omenala, n'oge Alaeze Ukwu, ógbè Africa rụrụ nnukwu ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị bi n’ime ime obodo nọgidere na-adabaghị n’asụsụ Latịn na omenala ndị Rom. Na narị afọ nke 4-5. ọ ghọrọ ógbè nke nnukwu ọgba aghara nke ndị ohu na ogidi, bụ́ nke mere ka Alaeze Ukwu Rom daa mbà nke ukwuu ma mee ka ọ daa. Na 5th c. Vandals biri na Africa. Na nke 6 c. eze ukwu Byzantium bụ Justinian jisiri ike weghachi ebe dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ma ike nke Byzantium adịghị ike. Na narị afọ nke asaa Ndị Arab meriri ógbè Africa.

Na North Africa, laa azụ na narị afọ nke mbụ BC. e. e nwere ọtụtụ steeti nọọrọ onwe ha: Carthage, nke ndị si Fonishia kwabatara, bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Semitic dị nso na Hibru, Mauritania na Numidia, nke ndị Libya kere. Mgbe ndị Rom meriri Carthage na 146 BC. e. steeti ndị a, mgbe mgba isi ike gasịrị, ghọrọ ihe onwunwe ndị Rom. Narị afọ ole na ole tupu oge ọhụrụ, mmepe nke otu klas malitere na mpaghara Etiopia nke oge a. Otu n'ime steeti ndị mepere ebe a – Aksum – ruru elu ya na narị afọ nke anọ BC. n. e., mgbe ihe onwunwe ya dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ rutere obodo Meroe na ndagwurugwu Naịl, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ – "Arebia obi ụtọ" (Yemen nke oge a). Na narị afọ nke abụọ na. e. steeti siri ike etolitela na Western Sudan (Ghana, Mali, Songhai na Bornu); ka e mesịrị, e guzobere steeti n'ụsọ oké osimiri Guinea (Ashanti, Dahomey, Kongo, wdg), ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Chad (steeti ndị Hausa) na n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ nke ala Africa.

Asụsụ ndị bi na Tropical Africa, ndị bi na ndịda ezinụlọ Semitic-Hamitic, na-ejikọtakarị ugbu a n'ezinụlọ abụọ: Niger (Congo) -Kordofan na Nilo-Saharan. Otu Niger-Kordofanian gụnyere Niger-Congo otu – nke kachasị ọnụ na otu dị n'otu: West Atlantic, Mande, Volts, Kwa, Benue-Congo na Adamawa-Eastern. Ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Atlantic gụnyere nnukwu ndị Fulbe bi n'otu dị iche iche na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba nile nke Western na Central Sudan, Wolof na Serep (Senegal), na ndị ọzọ. elu ugwu nke osimiri Senegal na Niger (Guinea, Mali, wdg). ), ndị Volta (moy, loby, bobo, Senufo, wdg) – na Burkina Faso, Ghana na obodo ndị ọzọ. Ndị Kwa na-agụnye nnukwu ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri Guinea dị ka Yoruba na Ibo (Nigeria), Akan (Ghana) na Ewe (Benin na Togo); Ndị bi n’ebe ndịda, a na-akpọkwa ha ndị Dahomean mgbe ụfọdụ; Ndị na-asụ asụsụ (ma ọ bụ olumba) nke Kru nọ n'ọnọdụ dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ndị a bụ Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn na ndị ọzọ bi na Liberia na Ivory Coast (Ivory Coast). Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ hibere otu obere Benue-Congo, ndị akpọrọ na mbụ sitere na ezinụlọ Bantu pụrụ iche na otu Eastern Bantu. Ndị Bantu, ezigbo otu n'okwu asụsụ na omenala, bi na mba Central na akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na South Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo (nke bụbu Zaire), Angola, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, wdg). Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ kewara Bantu n'ime otu iri na ise: 1st – duala, lupdu, fang, wdg; 2nd -teke, mgbo, kele; 3rd – bangi, pgala, mongo, tetelya; 4th – Rwanda, rundi; 5th – ganda, luhya, kikuyu, kamba; 6th-nyamwezi, nyatura; 7th – Swahili, togo, hehe; 8th – Kongo, ambundu; 9th-chokwe, luena; 10-luba; 11-bemba, fipa, tonga; 12th – Malawi 13 – Yao, Makonde, Makua; 14th – ovimbundu, ambo, herero; 15th – Shona, Suto, Zulu, Spit, Swazi, wdg.