Loe raamatut: «Collins Gem»
Copyright
HarperCollins Publishers
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Bishopbriggs
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Third Edition 2017
© HarperCollins Publishers 2007, 2010, 2017
Source ISBN: 9780008135904
Ebook Edition © March 2017 ISBN: 9780008230081
Version: 2017-01-27
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus. We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data.
If you would like to comment on any aspect of this book, please contact us at the given address or online.
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Editor
Holly Tarbet
Contributors
Julie Kleeman
Lin Luan
Ling Song Chase
For the Publisher
Gerry Breslin
Janice McNeillie
Using your phrasebook
Whether you’re on holiday or on business, your Collins Gem Phrasebook and Dictionary is designed to help you locate the exact phrase you need, when you need it. You’ll also gain the confidence to go beyond what is in the book, as you can adapt the phrases by using the dictionary section to substitute your own words.
The Gem Phrasebook and Dictionary includes:
• Over 60 topics arranged thematically, so that you can easily find an expression to suit the situation
• Pinyin pronunciation which accompanies each word and phrase, to make sure you are understood when speaking aloud
• Tips to safeguard against any cultural faux pas, providing the essential dos and don’ts of local customs or etiquette
• A basic grammar section which will help you to build on your phrases
• FACE TO FACE dialogue sections to give you a flavour of what to expect from a real conversation
• YOU MAY HEAR sections for common announcements and messages, so that you don’t miss important information when out and about
• A dictionary with over 1,000 words and their translations, to ensure you’ll never be stuck for something to say
• A short chapter of LIFELINE phrases for quick reference. These basic words and phrases will be essential to your time abroad
Before you jet off, it’s worth spending time looking through the topics to see what is covered and becoming familiar with pronunciation.
Contents
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Using your phrasebook
Pronouncing Mandarin
Top ten tips
Talking to people
Hello/goodbye, yes/no
Key phrases
Celebrations
Making friends
Work
Weather
Getting around
Asking the way
Bus and coach
Metro
Train
Taxi
Boat and ferry
Air travel
Customs control
Driving
Road signs
Staying somewhere
Hotel (booking)
Hotel desk
Camping
Self-catering
Shopping
Shopping phrases
Shops
Supermarket
Food (fruit and veg)
Clothes
Clothes (articles)
Bookshop/music shop
Antique shop
Maps and guides
Post office
Technology
Leisure
Sightseeing and tourist office
Entertainment
Nightlife
Leisure/interests
Music
Theatre/opera
Sport
Walking
Communications
Telephone and mobile
Text messaging
Internet
Practicalities
Money
Paying
Luggage
Repairs
Laundry
Complaints
Problems
Emergencies
Health
Pharmacy
Doctor
Dentist
Eating out
Eating places
At a tea house
In a restaurant
Dietary requirements
Spirits and liqueurs
Menu reader
Reference
Measurements and quantities
Numbers
Days and months
Time
Time phrases
Public holidays
Signs and notices
Pronouncing place names
Grammar
Dictionary
English – Mandarin
A – C
D – F
G – I
J – L
M – O
P – R
S – U
V – Z
LIFELINE words and phrases
About the Publisher
Pronouncing Mandarin
It is not easy for foreigners to pronounce Mandarin Chinese, so in this phrasebook we have used standard Latin phonetic sounds to keep it simple. Mandarin is not written using an alphabet, but by various strokes (such as 
, 
). Written Chinese is based on these ‘characters’ rather than words. The standard Mandarin Chinese pronunciation system (called ‘pinyin’) is based on consonants and vowels which look just like English words. By converting a pinyin character (each representing the sound of the Chinese character) into the standard Latin phonetic sound, English/European language speakers will be able to pronounce pinyin easily.
The system of conversion is as follows:
| Consonants | ||
| Pinyin | Phonetic sound | Converting example |
| b, d, f, g, j, l, m, n, p, s, t, w, y | pronounced the same as in English | băo→bao(宝, treasure) |
| c | similar to ts in boots | cí→tsi(词, word/s) |
| h | similar to ch in Scottish loch | hē→he(喝, to drink) |
| q | similar to ch in chip | qīng→ching(清, clear) |
| r | similar to r in red | rén→ren(人, person/people) |
| x | similar to sh in she | xī→she(西, west) |
| z | like ds in kids | zāi→dsai(灾, disaster) |
| zh | like j in joke | zhōng→jong(中, middle) |
| Vowels | ||
| Pinyin | Phonetic sound | Converting example |
| a | like a in Zara | mā→ma(妈, mum) |
| e | like e in her without the sound of r | hē→he(喝, to drink) |
| i | like ee in bee | mĭ→mi(米, rice) |
| o | like the sound of war | wŏ→war(我, I/me) |
| u | like oo in spoon | lù→loo(路, road) |
| ü | like the sound of letter u , followed by ee in bee | ǜ→chu-ee(去, to go) |
| ai | like the sound of I | ài→l(爱, love) |
| ei | like the sound of letter a | mĕi→may(美, beautiful) |
| ao | like ou in ouch | lăo→lou(老, old) |
Intonation
There are five tones used when pronouncing Mandarin; to make it easier for you to remember them, we have placed the diacritics on top of the vowel in each pinyin to indicate the flat tone (—), the rising tone (´), the musical long tone (˘), the strong tone (`), whilst no diacritic means a quiet tone.
In order to make it easier for you to understand these tones, the following examples are supplied. These will give you some idea of how to pronounce the four basic tones in Mandarin:
| Mandarin pinyin | English sounds |
| mā | pronounced like ‘ma’ in the first syllable of ‘marmalade’ |
| má | pronounced like ‘ma’ in ‘mass’ but with a slightly rising tone |
| mă | pronounced like ‘mar’ in ‘marquee’ but holding this sound for slightly longer |
| mà | pronounced like ‘mar’ in the first syllable of ‘marmalade’ |
Top ten tips
1 Chinese people show great respect for the wisdom and experience of their elders. The senior people present will usually initiate the greetings, and you should greet the oldest, most senior person before any others.
2 Do not stick your chopsticks into a bowl of rice. It reminds Chinese people of the incense sticks they burn when they bury their dead.
3 Avoid sharing a pear with loved ones. The word for pear-sharing sounds the same as the term for to separate (fēn-lí), and can hint at a break-up or a lifelong separation.
4 Business cards should be held in both hands when they are being offered or received. When receiving another person’s card, you should take the time to look at it attentively before putting it away.
5 Be aware of the Chinese fear of losing face. For example, do not call a restaurant manager a fú-wù;-yuán (waiter/waitress), or anything else below their true status.
6 It is rude to refuse any consumable item being offered to you (including cigarettes). If you do not accept a cigarette you have to come up with a good reason to avoid offending anyone!
7 Tipping is still not expected in most restaurants and hotels, however attitudes towards tipping are changing.
8 Most Chinese women continue using their maiden names even after marriage, but they may indicate their marital status by using 太太 (tài-tai) or 夫人 (fū-rén) with their husband’s name.
9 In a formal situation you should always exchange business cards and shake hands with the most important person first and then work down, to avoid anyone losing face.
10 Whistling and pointing with the index finger are taboo gestures in China.
Talking to people
Hello/goodbye, yes/no
It is very important to use the appropriate form of greeting in China. As with other cultures, the way that you greet somebody will depend on whether you know them or if they are a stranger. The most common greeting which can be used at any time, to anyone, is 你好(nǐ hǎo).
The form 您好(nín hǎo) is more formal and should be used when you want to show particular respect.
| Please | 请qĭng |
| Thanks(very much) | (多)谢(duō)-xiè |
| You’re welcome! | 不客气!bù kè-qì! |
| Yes | 是shì |
| No | 不是bù-shì |
| Yes, please | 好, 谢谢hăo, xiè-xie |
| No, thanks | 不, 谢谢bù, xiè-xie |
| OK! | 好！hăo! |
| Sir/Mr… | …先生…xiān-sheng |
| Madam/Ms… | …女士…nǚ-shì |
| Mrs… | …太太…tài-tai |
| Miss… | …小姐…xiăo-jiĕ |
| Hello | 你好nĭ-hăo |
| Hi! | 嗨！hēi! |
| Hello! (usually on the phone) | 喂！wèi! |
| Goodbye | 再见zài-jiàn |
| See you later | 一会儿见yī-huìr jiàn |
| Bye! | 再会！zài-huì! |
| See you at seven | 7点见qī-diǎn jiàn |
| See you on Monday! | 星期一见！ xīng-qī-yī jiàn! |
| Good morning! | 早上好！ zǎo-shang hǎo! |
| Morning! | 早！zǎo! |
| Good evening/Goodnight | 晚安wăn ān |
| See you tomorrow | 明天见míng-tiān jiàn |
| Excuse me!/Sorry! | 对不起！ duì-bù-qĭ! |
| Excuse me! (to get past in a crowd) | 请让一让！qĭng ràng-yī-ràng! |
| How are you? | 你好吗?nĭ hăo ma? |
| How have you been? | 最近身体怎么样?zuì-jìn shēn-tǐ zěn-me-yàng? |
| Fine, thanks | 很好, 谢谢hěn hǎo, xiè-xie |
| Great! | 棒极了！ bàng jí le! |
| So-so | 一般yī-bān |
| And you? | 你呢?nĭ ne? |
| Long time no see! | 好久不见！hǎo-jiǔ bù jiàn! |
| How are you doing? | 最近还好吗? zuì-jìn hái hǎo ma? |
| I don’t understand | 我不明白wŏ bù míng-bai |
| I don’t speak Mandarin | 我不会说普通话wŏ bù huì shuō pǔ-tōng-huà |
Key phrases
| Do you have a room? | 你们有客房吗?nĭ-men yǒu kè-fáng ma? |
| Do you have milk? | 你们有牛奶吗?nĭ-men yǒu niú-năi ma? |
| I’d like… | 我想…wŏ xiăng… |
| We’d like… | 我们想…wŏ-men xiăng… |
| I’d like an ice cream | 我想买一个冰淇淋wŏ xiăng măi yī-gè bīng-qí-lín |
| We’d like to go home | 我们想回家wŏ-men xiăng huí-jiā |
| Another/ Some more… | 另外的/更多的lìng-wài-de/gèng-duō-de… |
| How much is it?/How much does it cost? | 多少钱?duō-shăo qián? |
| large | 大dà |
| small | 小xiăo |
| with/without | 有/没有yǒu/méi-yǒu |
| Where is…?/ Where are…? | …在哪儿?…zāi năr? |
| the nearest | 离这儿最近的lí zhèr zuì-jìn-de |
| How do I get…? | 我怎么去…?wŏ zĕn-me qù…? |
| to the museum | 去博物馆qù bó-wù-guăn |
| to the station | 去车站qù chē-zhàn |
| to Shanghai | 去上海qù shàng-hăi |
| There is…/ There are… | 有…yŏu… |
| There isn’t…/ There aren’t any… | 没有…méi-yŏu… |
| When? | 什么时候?shén-me shí-hou? |
| At what time…? | 什么时间…?shén-me shí-jiān…? |
| today | 今天jīn-tiān |
| tomorrow | 明天míng-tiān |
| Can I…? | 我能…吗?wŏ néng … ma? |
| smoke | 抽烟chōu-yān |
| taste it | 尝尝它cháng-chang tā |
| How does this work? | 如何使用?rú-hé shĭ-yòng? |
| What does this mean? | 这是什么意思?zhè-shì shén-me yì-sī? |
Celebrations
| l’d like to wish you… | 我祝愿您…wŏ zhù-yuàn nín … |
| Happy Birthday! | 生日快乐！ shēng-rì kuài-lè! |
| Happy Anniversary! | 纪念日快乐！ jì-niàn-rì kuài-lè! |
| Merry Christmas! | 圣诞快乐！shèng-dàn kuài-lè! |
| Happy New Year! | 新年快乐!xīn-nián kuài-lè! |
| Happy Easter! | 复活节快乐！fù-huó-jié kuài-lè! |
| Have a good trip! | 一路顺风！yī-lù-shùn-fēng! |
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