Loe raamatut: «10 shorts stories by O. Henry. Книга для чтения на английском языке»

Предисловие учебного издания

О. Генри писал короткие интересные рассказы, но язык его цветист и сложен. Без хорошего багажа знаний и опыта чтения на языке оригинала, О. Генри не осилить. Поэтому мы сделали две версии этой книги – с упрощенным текстом и оригинальным. Эта версия – упрощенная, и она вполне может стать первой книгой, которую вы прочтете на английском языке.

Особенность адаптированного текста – это короткие предложения и общеупотребимые слова. Мы старались уменьшить насыщенность текста прилагательными, причастными и деепричастными оборотами, сократили описания и заменили редкие слова на частые в использовании. И да, грамматика О. Генри даже в адаптированной книге местами может быть сложной, но за счет лаконичности автора вы не запутаетесь.

Текст в этой книге устроен следующим образом: жирным шрифтом выделены сложные места (которые, возможно, вам и не покажутся сложными – все зависит от уровня ваших знаний), иногда ключевые моменты рассказа и некоторые фразовые глаголы. Сразу за жирным текстом в скобках курсивом будет мой перевод и если надо, его пояснение. Да, мой текст всегда в скобках и всегда курсивом, причем все слова стоят в том числе, роде, склонении или падеже, в каком они нужны для правильного перевода.

Я перевел только сложные места текста. Остальное – ваша работа. Вам точно потребуется словарь, и место, куда вы будете записывать новые слова. Тогда с каждым прочитанным рассказом ваш английской будет становиться лучше. Я уверен, что учебные книги с полным переводом текста, будь он построчный или кусками – это плохие учебные книги. Также, как и двуязычные издания, где на одной странице идет английский текст, а на соседней – его дословный перевод. Почему это плохо? Это слишком облегчает задачу читателя. Когда вы не работаете, не ищете в словаре новые слова, не думаете над переводом всего предложения, а просто подсматриваете в готовое, вы не учитесь, не привыкаете к структуре английского языка, а просто считываете. Чтение на английском должно быть достаточно сложным, чтобы оно было полезным. По той же причине в конце книги нет словаря, как это обычно бывает. Это ваша работа, а не моя записывать новые слова, переводить их и запоминать. Да, времени уйдет больше, это скучно, но, если не поленитесь и сделаете это, ваши знания и навыки станут лучше. А словарь в конце книги будет заброшен сразу же после прочтения. Я такое чтение за глаза называю халтурой, а читателей таких книжек – халтурщиками.

Теперь несколько слов о рассказах О. Генри, которые у вас будут перед глазами. Я уже сказал, что текст автора мы переработали в нечто простое, но грамматика осталась, как сейчас говорят, авторская. Все рассказы изобилуют временем Past Perfect: had и глагол в третьей форме. Время Perfect нужно, когда речь идет о каком-то событии произошедшем (или не произошедшем) к какому-то времени. Примеры: я уже поел/I have already eaten (к настоящему моменту), я еще не купил квартиру/I haven’t bought the flat yet (к настоящему моменту), к университету я уже бросил курить/I had quit smoking by the time I went to the university (на момент, к которому я пошел учиться в университет). Почему О. Генри часто использует had и третью форму глагола? Потому, что в его рассказах многие события происходят к моменту самого рассказа, который сам по себе уже в прошлом.

Вторая особенность рассказов О. Генри – пассивный залог, который автор, для придания тексту торжественности происходящему (хотя сделано это скорее для гротеска, чтобы подчеркнуть нелепость событий, ведь речь почти во всех рассказах автора идет о людях с низкой социальной ответственностью: ворах, бандитах, нищих и т.д.) Пассив – это когда не я совершаю действие, а надо мной/предметом совершают действие: меня уволили/I was fired, мне сказали/I was told, книгу прочтут/a book will be read. Строится пассив при помощи глагола to be в нужном времени и опять же третьей формы глагола.

И, наконец, третий момент – это инверсия. Нестандартный порядок слов в английском предложении. Не “я тебя люблю”, как это принято, а “люблю я тебя”. Если вы смотрели фильм “Звездные войны” и знаете Йоду, вы поймете, что такое инверсия. Зачем О. Генри переставляет слова? Опять же, для придания тексту торжественности, даже напыщенности.

Приятного чтения, главное, установите на вашем телефоне хороший словарь, записывайте новые слова и составляйте с ними предложения, которые тоже лучше записывать. Тогда все запомнится. Удачи и спасибо за чтение.

Преподаватель английского языка

Роман Зинзер

zinzer-studio.com

@romanzinzer

The Gift of the Magi

One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. She had put it aside |Она откладывала деньги. To put aside – откладывать|, one cent and then another and then another, in her careful buying of meat and other food. Della counted it three times. One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas.

There was nothing to do but fall on the bed and cry |”But” в этом случае значит “кроме как”|. So Della did it.

While the lady of the home is slowly growing quieter |медленно успокаивалась|, we can look at the home. Furnished rooms at a cost of $8 a week. There is little more to say about it.

In the hall below was a letter-box too small to hold a letter. There was an electric bell, but it could not make a sound. Also there was a name beside the door: “Mr. James Dillingham Young.”

When the name was placed there, Mr. James Dillingham Young was being paid $30 a week |ему платили. Пассив: над ним совершали действие, to be и третья форма глагола. “Being”, чтобы подчеркнуть периодичность выплат|. Now, when he was being paid only $20 a week, the name seemed too long and important. It should perhaps have been “Mr. James D. Young.”|наверно, имя должно было бы звучать| But when Mr. James Dillingham Young entered the furnished rooms, his name became very short indeed. Mrs. James Dillingham Young put her arms warmly about him and called him “Jim.” You have already met her |вы с ней уже встречались|. She is Della.

Della finished her crying and cleaned the marks of it from her face. She stood by the window and looked out with no interest. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a gift. She had put aside as much as she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week is not much. Everything had cost more than she had expected |had и третья форма глагола. О. Генри очень любит рассказывать о событиях, предшествующих повествованию|. It always happened like that |таким образом|.

Only $ 1.87 to buy a gift for Jim. Her Jim. She had had many happy hours planning something nice for him |had had – это не опечатка. Это опять же had и третья форма глагола have, которые значат, что на тот момент у нее было много счастья с Джимом|. Something nearly good enough. Something almost worth the honor of belonging to Jim |стоящее той чести|.

There was a looking-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen the kind of looking-glass that is placed in $8 furnished rooms. It was very narrow. A person could see only a little of himself at a time |за раз|. However, if he was very thin and moved very quickly, he might be able to get a good view of himself. Della, being |будучи| quite thin, had mastered this art.

Suddenly she turned from the window and stood before the glass. Her eyes were shining brightly, but her face had lost its color. Quickly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its complete length.

The James Dillingham Youngs |обычный для английского языка способ назвать семью по имени мужчины. Главное здесь – это поставить впереди артикль the, и фамилию во множественном числе| were very proud of two things which they owned. One thing was Jim’s gold watch. It had once belonged to his father. And, long ago, it had belonged to his father’s father. The other thing was Della’s hair.

If a queen had lived in the rooms near theirs, Della would have washed and dried her hair where the queen could see it |если б сама королева жила.., Делла бы мыла и сушила.., но это вряд ли осуществимо. Самый сложный вид условного предложения: если бы раньше было так, то теперь бы все было так. После if должно быть had и третья форма глагола, во второй части предложения: would или модальный глагол, потом have и третья форма глагола|. Della knew her hair was more beautiful than any queen’s jewels and gifts.

If a king had lived in the same house, with all his riches |со всеми его богатствами|, Jim would have looked at his watch every time they met. Jim knew that no king had anything so valuable.

So now Della’s beautiful hair fell about her, shining like a falling stream of brown water. It reached below her knee. It almost made itself into a dress for her |волосы у нее были такие густые и длинные, что окутывали ее как платье|.

And then she put it up on her head again, nervously and quickly. Once she stopped for a moment and stood still |замерла| while a tear or two ran down her face.

She put on her old brown coat. She put on her old brown hat. With the bright light still in her eyes, she moved quickly out the door and down to the street.

Where she stopped, the sign said: “Mrs. Sofronie. Hair Articles of all Kinds.”

Up to the second floor Della ran, and stopped to get her breath |…взбежала…перевести дух|.

Mrs. Sofronie, large, too white, cold-eyed, looked at her.

“Will you buy my hair?” asked Della.

“I buy hair,” said Mrs. Sofronie. “Take your hat off and let me look at it.”

Down fell the brown waterfall |О. Генри часто пользуется приемом инверсии – переставляет слова в предложении, так что оно получается не вполне стандартным для английского языка. Down fell the brown waterfall – это инверсия. Обычное предложение выглядело бы “the brown waterfall fell down”|.

“Twenty dollars,” said Mrs. Sofronie, lifting the hair to feel its weight.

“Give it to me quick,” said Della.

Oh, and the next two hours seemed to fly. She was going from one shop to another, to find a gift for Jim.

She found it at last |наконец-то|. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else |было сделано для Джима. И прошедший Perfect и пассив слились воедино|. There was no other like it in any of the shops, and she had looked in every shop in the city |конструкция had и третья форма глагола. Смысл этого в том, что Делла что-то делала до какого-то момента или на какой-то момент: она посмотрела во всех магазинах на тот момент|.

It was a gold watch chain, very simply made. Its value was in its rich and pure material. Because it was so plain and simple, you knew that it was very valuable. All good things are like this.

It was good enough for The Watch.

As soon as she saw it, she knew that Jim must have it. It was like him |это ему подходило. Буквально – это было его|. Quietness and value—Jim and the chain both had quietness and value. She paid twenty-one dollars for it. And she hurried home with the chain and eighty-seven cents.

With that chain on his watch, Jim could look at his watch and learn the time anywhere he might be. Though the watch was so fine, it had never had a fine chain |ранее никогда не было|. He sometimes took it out and looked at it only when no one could see him do it.

When Della arrived home, her mind quieted a little |она успокоилась|. She began to think more reasonably. She started to try to cover |скрыть| the sad marks of what she had done |что она делала до того момента – плакала|. Love and large-hearted giving |”большесердечное давание”, если буквально, но лучше просто “доброта”|, when added together, can leave deep marks. It is never easy to cover these marks, dear friends—never easy.

Within forty minutes her head looked a little better |“within” – в пределах, внутри, через какое-то время|. With her short hair, she looked wonderfully like a schoolboy. She stood at the looking-glass for a long time.

“If Jim doesn’t kill me,” she said to herself, “before he looks at me a second time, he’ll say I look like a girl who sings and dances for money. But what could I do—oh! What could I do with a dollar and eighty-seven cents?”

At seven, Jim’s dinner was ready for him.

Jim was never late. Della held the watch chain in her hand and sat near the door where he always entered. Then she heard his step in the hall and her face lost color for a moment. She often said little prayers quietly, about simple everyday things. And now she said: “Please God, make him think I’m still pretty.” |…убеди его, что я все еще красива|

The door opened and Jim stepped in. He looked very thin and he was not smiling. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two—and with a family to take care of! |и правда, бедняга – такой молодой, а уже семья, о которой надо заботиться. Of в конце – это частое дело в английском для подобных предложений, правда, обычно такая конструкция появляется в вопросах: who do you think of – о ком ты думаешь? Where are you from – откуда ты?| He needed a new coat and he had nothing to cover his cold hands.

Jim stopped inside the door. He was as quiet as a hunting dog when it is near a bird. His eyes looked strangely at Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not understand. It filled her with fear. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor anything she had been ready for |ни удивление, ни что-то такое, к чему она была готова|. He simply looked at her with that strange expression on his face.

Della went to him.

“Jim, dear,” she cried, “don’t look at me like that. I had my hair cut off |to cut off – отрезать что-то напрочь| and sold it. I couldn’t live through Christmas without giving you a gift. My hair will grow again. You won’t care, will you |ты же не будешь переживать из-за этого|? My hair grows very fast. It’s Christmas, Jim. Let’s be happy. You don’t know what a nice—what a beautiful nice gift I got for you.”

“You’ve cut off your hair?” asked Jim slowly. He seemed to labor to understand what had happened |казалось, он с трудом переваривал, что случалось|. He seemed not to feel sure he knew.

“Cut it off and sold it,” said Della. “Don’t you like me now? I’m me, Jim. I’m the same without my hair.”

Jim looked around the room.

“You say your hair is gone?” he said. |волос больше нет?|

“You don’t have to look for it,” said Della. “It’s sold, I tell you – sold and gone, too. It’s the night before Christmas, boy. Be good to me, because I sold it for you. Maybe the hairs of my head could be counted,” she said, “but no one could ever count my love for you. Shall we eat dinner, Jim?”

Jim put his arms around his Della. For ten seconds let us look in another direction. Eight dollars a week or a million dollars a year— how different are they? Someone may give you an answer, but it will be wrong. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them |magi – волхвы. О.Генри обыгрывает библейский сюжет приношения даров новорожденному Иисусу|. My meaning will be explained soon.

From inside the coat, Jim took something tied in paper. He threw it upon the table.

“I want you to understand me, Dell,” he said. “Nothing like a haircut could make me love you any less |конечно же, я не буду тебя любить меньше из-за твоей стрижки|. But if you’ll open that, you may know what I felt when I came in.”

White fingers pulled off the paper. And then a cry of joy; and then a change to tears.

For there lay The Combs |Там были гребни для волос| – the combs that Della had seen in a shop window and loved for a long time. Beautiful combs, with jewels, perfect for her beautiful hair. She had known they cost too much for her to buy them. She had looked at them without the least hope of owning them. And now they were hers, but her hair was gone.

But she held them to her heart, and at last was able to look up and say: “My hair grows so fast, Jim!”

And then she jumped up and cried, “Oh, oh!”

Jim had not yet seen his beautiful gift |еще пока не видел. На тот момент|. She held it out to him in her open hand. The gold seemed to shine softly as if with her own warm and loving spirit.

“Isn’t it perfect, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You’ll have to look at your watch a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how they look together.”

Jim sat down and smiled.

“Della,” said he, “let’s put our Christmas gifts away and keep them a while. They’re too nice to use now. I sold the watch to get the money to buy the combs. And now I think we should have our dinner.”

The magi, as you know, were wise men—wonderfully wise men – who brought gifts to the newborn Christ-child. They were the first to give Christmas gifts. Being wise |будучи мудрыми|, their gifts were doubtless wise ones. And here I have told you the story of two children who were not wise. Each sold the most valuable thing he owned in order to |для того, чтобы| buy a gift for the other. But let me speak a last word to the wise of these days: Of all |из всех тех| who give gifts, these two were the most wise. Of all who give and receive gifts, such as they are the most wise. Everywhere they are the wise ones. They are the magi.