Лексика по темам кодификатора для ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Сдай устную часть на максимум!

© Радмила Шарифьянова, 2023

ISBN 978-5-0060-1317-9

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Введение

В современном мире знание английского языка становится все более важным, особенно если вы стремитесь к успеху в образовании и карьере. ЕГЭ по английскому языку является одним из наиболее важных экзаменов для школьников, которые планируют продолжить свое обучение в университете. Однако для успешной сдачи экзамена необходимо знать не только правила грамматики и лексики, но также и уметь использовать слова и выражения, которые необходимы для выполнения заданий на максимальный балл. В данной книге я собрала наиболее часто встречающиеся слова и выражения на темы кодификатора ЕГЭ по английскому языку, что поможет вам подготовиться к экзамену на высоком уровне. В пособии приведены примеры использования лексики, что поможет Вам использовать слова и выражения правильно. Автор этой книги – человек, который сам прошел через этот экзамен, получив 97 баллов, и знает, какие сложности возникают при подготовке. Надеюсь, что данное руководство поможет вам успешно справиться с экзаменом и достичь желаемых результатов.

Желаю успехов!

Never give up 😊

Домашние обязанности – Household chores

Cleaning – Уборка

I need to finish cleaning the kitchen before my guests arrive.

My mom makes me do all the cleaning in the house.

Laundry – Стирка

I have to do my laundry today because I’m running out of clothes.

She hates doing laundry, so she always takes her clothes to the dry cleaners.

Cooking – Готовка

I love cooking dinner for my family every night.

He’s not very good at cooking, so he usually orders take-out.

Washing dishes – Мытье посуды

My sister and I always argue about who has to wash the dishes after dinner.

She refuses to wash the dishes by hand and only uses the dishwasher.

Dusting – Вытирание пыли

My allergies always act up when I’m dusting the furniture.

I try to do a quick dusting every day to keep the house clean.

Vacuuming – Пылесосить

The vacuum cleaner is too heavy for me to use, so I usually ask for help.

I have to vacuum the living room every day because of my shedding dog.

Ironing – Глажка

I hate ironing my clothes, so I always hang them up as soon as they come out of the dryer.

She spends hours ironing her husband’s dress shirts every week.

Grocery shopping – Покупка продуктов

I always make a grocery list before going shopping to make sure I don’t forget anything.

We usually go grocery shopping on Sundays to stock up for the week.

Yard work – Работа во дворе

During the summer, we spend a lot of time doing yard work like mowing the lawn and weeding the garden.

He hired someone to do the yard work because he doesn’t have time to do it himself.

Taking out the trash – Вынос мусора

It’s my turn to take out the trash tonight.

We have to remember to take out the trash before we leave for vacation.

Washing windows – Мытье окон

My dad always washes the windows on the outside of the house in the spring.

She uses a special solution to make sure the windows are streak-free when she washes them.

Sweeping – Подметание

I have to sweep the kitchen floor after every meal because my kids are messy eaters.

The janitor at school sweeps the hallways every night after classes are over.

Watering plants – Полив растений

She forgot to water her plants for a week and they started to wilt.

I water my plants every morning before work to keep them healthy.

Cleaning the bathroom – Уборка в ванной комнате

I hate cleaning the bathroom because it’s so dirty.

He uses bleach to clean the toilet and sink in the bathroom.

Making the bed – Застилание кровати

I always make my bed as soon as I get up in the morning.

She never makes her bed because she says it’s a waste of time.

Taking care of pets – Уход за домашними животными

We have to take our dog for a walk every day to make sure he gets enough exercise.

She feeds her cat twice a day and cleans out its litter box every morning.

Organizing – Организация

My closet was a mess until I spent the whole weekend organizing it.

He likes to organize his books alphabetically by author.

Ironing clothes – Глажка одежды

She ironed her dress before the wedding to make sure it looked perfect.

He hates ironing clothes, so he takes them to the dry cleaners.

Fixing things – Ремонт вещей

He knows how to fix almost anything around the house, from leaky faucets to broken appliances.

She spent all weekend fixing her bike so she could go for a ride.

Paying bills – Оплата счетов

I always pay my bills on time to avoid late fees.

She forgot to pay her credit card bill and had to pay a hefty fine.

Raking leaves – Сбор листьев

During the fall, we spend a lot of time raking leaves into piles in the yard.

He uses a leaf blower to make the job of raking leaves easier.

Cleaning the oven – Очистка духовки

The oven gets so dirty after cooking a big meal that I have to clean it right away.

She uses a special oven cleaner to make sure the oven is really clean.

Watering the lawn – Полив газона

During the summer, we have to water the lawn every day to keep it green.

He uses a sprinkler system to water the lawn without having to do it manually.

Cleaning the shower – Уборка душа

The shower gets dirty so quickly that we have to clean it every week.

She uses a scrub brush and cleaning solution to make sure the shower is really clean.

Folding clothes – Складывание одежды

I like to fold my clothes as soon as they come out of the dryer to avoid wrinkles.

She folds her clothes neatly and puts them away in her closet.

Washing the car – Мойка машины

He likes to wash his car himself instead of taking it to a car wash.

She uses a special soap and sponge to make sure the car is really clean.

Cleaning blinds – Очистка жалюзи

The blinds in the bedroom get very dusty, so we have to clean them regularly.

He uses a damp cloth to wipe down the blinds and remove any dust.

Cleaning the fireplace – Уборка камина

The fireplace needs to be cleaned after every use to avoid any buildup of soot and ash.

She uses a special brush and vacuum cleaner attachment to clean the fireplace thoroughly.

Cleaning the pool – Уборка бассейна

During the summer, we have to clean the pool regularly to keep it safe and hygienic for swimming.

He uses a pool net to remove any debris from the surface of the water.

Вопросы и ответы по теме household chores

1. What are some common household chores?

– Some common household chores include vacuuming, dusting, doing laundry, washing dishes, and cleaning the bathroom.

2. How often do you typically clean your home?

– It depends on the person and their living situation. Some people may clean their home once a week, while others may clean more or less frequently.

3. What are some effective ways to organize your living space?

– Some effective ways to organize your living space include getting rid of clutter, using storage containers, labeling items, and creating designated spaces for different types of items.

4. How do you divide household responsibilities with your family members or roommates?

– Dividing household responsibilities can be done by discussing and assigning tasks based on each person’s abilities and availability. Some families or roommates may choose to rotate tasks on a schedule.

5. What are some tools or products that can make cleaning easier?

– Some tools or products that can make cleaning easier include a vacuum cleaner, microfiber cloths, all-purpose cleaner, and a mop.

6. What are some eco-friendly alternatives to traditional cleaning products?

– Some eco-friendly alternatives to traditional cleaning products include vinegar, baking soda, and lemon juice. These natural ingredients can be used to clean many surfaces around the house.

7. How do you motivate yourself to complete household tasks?

– Some ways to motivate yourself to complete household tasks include setting goals, rewarding yourself after completing tasks, and breaking tasks into smaller, manageable steps.

8. What chores do you find most challenging or time-consuming?

– Chores that people commonly find challenging or time-consuming include deep-cleaning bathrooms, doing laundry, and washing dishes.

9. How do you juggle household responsibilities with work or other commitments?

– Juggling household responsibilities with work or other commitments can be done by prioritizing tasks, delegating responsibilities when possible, and setting aside specific times for household chores.

10. What are some tips for maintaining a clean and organized home?

– Some tips for maintaining a clean and organized home include creating a cleaning schedule, decluttering regularly, putting things back in their proper place after use, and doing small tasks like wiping down surfaces daily.

О помощи братьям и сестрам – About helping brothers and sisters

Help – Помощь

My brother always helps me with my homework.

I offered to help my sister with the dishes.

Support – Поддержка

It’s important to show support for your siblings when they’re going through tough times.

My sister was nervous about her presentation, so I gave her some words of support.

Cooperation – Сотрудничество, содействие

Cleaning our shared bathroom is much easier when we work in cooperation with each other.

My brother and I often cook together, which requires a lot of cooperation.

Responsibility – Ответственность

We all have a responsibility to keep the house clean, so we take turns doing chores.

Even though I’m the youngest, my siblings trust me with important responsibilities like taking care of our pets.

Collaboration – Совместная работа

My sister and I collaborated on a science project and got an A.

It’s important to have good communication skills when collaborating with your siblings on a task.

Initiative – Инициатива

When it comes to doing household tasks, I always take the initiative so my siblings don’t have to worry about it.

My brother showed great initiative by organizing a family game night.

Распределение домашних обязанностей – Division of household chores

Chore – Работа по дому

We all have chores that we need to do around the house, like cleaning our rooms and doing the laundry.

My brother is responsible for taking out the trash as one of his daily chores.

Delegation – Делегирование

Our parents sometimes delegate certain tasks to each of us based on our strengths and abilities.

I delegated the task of setting the table to my little sister since she loves organizing things.

Schedule – График

We follow a weekly schedule for completing our household tasks so that it’s easier to manage and remember.

I checked the schedule to see what my chores were for the day.

Responsibility – Ответственность

Each of us has a responsibility to contribute to the upkeep of the house, whether it’s through cleaning or cooking meals.

I take full responsibility for making sure the dishes are done after dinner.

Teamwork – Командная работа

Working together with my siblings to complete household tasks has taught me the value of teamwork and cooperation.

We use teamwork to clean the house quickly before guests arrive.

Division of labor – Разделение труда

We divide up the household tasks according to our strengths and preferences so that everyone is doing something they enjoy.

Checklist – Чек-лист

We use a checklist to make sure we don’t forget any important household tasks and to keep track of what’s been done.

My brother made a checklist for us to follow when cleaning the garage.

Time management – Управление временем

Good time management skills are important when it comes to completing household tasks efficiently and effectively.

I’ve learned to manage my time well so that I have enough time for my homework and chores.

Prioritization – Приоритетность

Some household tasks are more urgent or important than others, so it’s important to prioritize them accordingly.

I prioritized cleaning the kitchen before doing my homework because it was messier and needed to be done first.

Communication – Коммуникация

Good communication between siblings is key when it comes to dividing up household tasks and making sure everyone knows their responsibilities.

We have regular family meetings to discuss household responsibilities and make sure everyone is on the same page.

Flexibility – Гибкость

Sometimes our schedules or responsibilities change unexpectedly, so it’s important to be flexible and adaptable.

I had to be flexible with my schedule when my sister got sick and couldn’t do her assigned tasks.

Completion – Завершение

It’s important to see each task through to completion rather than leaving it half-done or unfinished.

I made sure to complete all my assigned tasks before going out to play with my friends.

Вопросы и ответы по теме Division of household chores

What is the typical way households distribute household chores?

The way households distribute household chores can vary widely depending on cultural and individual preferences. However, in many cases, household chores may be distributed based on factors such as gender, age, and ability.

How have attitudes towards household chores changed over time?

Attitudes towards household chores have evolved significantly over time. In the past, certain household tasks were often considered to be «women’s work» and were expected to be performed exclusively by female members of the household. However, today, there is often more of a focus on sharing responsibilities and ensuring that all members of the household contribute to keeping the home clean and organized.

What are some strategies for dividing household chores fairly?

One strategy for dividing household chores fairly is to assign specific tasks to each member of the household based on their abilities and preferences. Another approach is to rotate tasks regularly so that everyone has a chance to do different tasks. Additionally, it’s important to communicate openly about expectations and make sure that everyone feels valued for their contributions to the household.

How can parents teach their children about the importance of contributing to household chores?

Parents can teach their children about the importance of contributing to household chores by involving them in tasks from a young age and making it a regular part of family life. It can also be helpful to explain why these tasks are important and how they benefit the whole family. Additionally, parents can model positive attitudes towards household chores themselves and praise their children for their efforts.

What are the benefits of a fair distribution of household chores?

A fair distribution of household chores can help to reduce stress and conflict within the household by ensuring that no one person is overburdened with responsibilities. It can also help to promote a sense of teamwork and cooperation, as all members of the household work together towards shared goals. Additionally, it can be a valuable way for children to learn important life skills and responsibilities that will serve them well in the future.

Покупки – Shopping

Buy – Купить

I want to buy a new dress for the party.

She decided to buy a car instead of taking public transportation.

Sell – Продавать

He’s going to sell his old bike and buy a new one.

The store is selling its products at a discount this week.

Shop – Магазин

Let’s go to that new shop and see what they have.

I always enjoy shopping for clothes in that boutique.

Customer – Покупатель

The customer was unhappy with the service she received.

The store wants to focus on providing excellent customer service.

Price – Цена

The price of this TV is too high for me.

I got a good deal on these shoes – they were half price!

Payment – Оплата

What forms of payment do you accept?

I made the payment online using my credit card.

Purchase – Покупка

I want to make a purchase at the store.

The online purchase process was quick and simple.

Sale – Распродажа

They’re having a big sale on electronics this weekend.

I got a great deal during the end-of-season sale.

Discount – Скидка

Can I get a discount on this item?

They offer a student discount with a valid ID.

Coupon – Купон

I have a coupon for 10% off my purchase.

You can find coupons in the local newspaper or online.

Cashier – Кассир

Please go to the cashier to pay for your items.

The cashier was very friendly and helpful.

Receipt – Квитанция

Don’t forget to keep your receipt in case you need to return something.

The receipt shows the date and time of purchase, as well as the total amount spent.

Return – Возврат

I’d like to return this item for a refund.

The store has a policy that allows returns within 30 days of purchase.

Exchange – Обмен

Can I exchange this shirt for a different size?

The store allows exchanges for items of equal value within 14 days of purchase.

Shopping cart – Корзина для покупок

Add items to your shopping cart and proceed to checkout when you’re ready to buy.

The shopping cart icon is located in the top right corner of the website.

Credit card – Кредитная карта

I prefer to use my credit card for online purchases.

The store accepts all major credit cards.

Debit card – Дебетовая карта

You can pay with a debit card at the checkout.

The money is deducted directly from your bank account when you use a debit card.

Cash – Наличные деньги

Do you have enough cash to pay for this purchase?

Some stores offer discounts if you pay with cash instead of a credit card.

Online shopping – Онлайн-шоппинг

I love online shopping because it’s so convenient.

You can find great deals and discounts when you shop online.

In-store shopping – Шоппинг в магазине

I prefer in-store shopping because I like to see and touch the products before buying them.

The store has a wide selection of products available for in-store shopping.

Shopping list – Список покупок

I always make a shopping list before going to the store.

The shopping list helps me stay organized and focused on what I need to buy.

Customer service – Обслуживание клиента

If you have any questions or concerns about your purchase, please contact customer service.

The customer service representative was able to resolve the issue quickly and efficiently.

Receipt – Кассовый чек

Don’t forget to keep the receipt in case you need to return or exchange an item.

The receipt shows the date and time of purchase, as well as the items bought and their prices.

Sale price – Цена со скидкой

The sale price for this item is 20% off the original price.

Many items are marked down to a sale price during end-of-season sales.

Shopping bag – Пакет для покупок

Do you need a shopping bag for your items?

The store offers eco-friendly reusable shopping bags for purchase.

Out of stock – Нет в наличии

I’m sorry, but the item you’re looking for is currently out of stock.

The store will restock the item next week.

Gift card – Подарочная карта

A gift card is a great option for those who are unsure of what to buy as a present.

You can purchase a gift card in-store or online in various amounts.

Refurbished – Восстановленный

A refurbished item has been restored and tested to work like new.

Refurbished items are often sold at a lower price than brand-new ones.

Online marketplace – Онлайн-торговая площадка

An online marketplace is a website that allows users to buy and sell products from different vendors.

Popular online marketplaces include Amazon, eBay, and Etsy.

Loyalty program – Программа лояльности

The store offers a loyalty program that rewards frequent shoppers with discounts and perks.

You can sign up for the loyalty program online or in-store.

Product review – Обзор товара

Reading product reviews can help you make an informed decision before making a purchase.

Many online stores allow customers to leave reviews and ratings for products they have purchased.

Price match – Сравнение цен

Some stores offer a price match guarantee, which means they will match the price of a competitor’s product.

You may need to provide proof of the lower price, such as an ad or website link.

Layaway – Рассрочка

Layaway allows you to put a product on hold and pay for it over time.

The store will typically require a down payment and charge a fee for the service.

Return policy – Политика возврата товаров

It’s important to check a store’s return policy before making a purchase.

The policy should outline how long you have to return an item, whether you need a receipt, and any conditions or fees.

Warranty – Гарантия

A warranty is a promise from the manufacturer that the product will work as intended for a certain period of time.

Warranties can vary in length and coverage, so it’s important to read the details carefully.

Rewards program – Программа вознаграждений

Rewards programs offer incentives for frequent purchases.

You may earn points or discounts that can be redeemed for future purchases.

Online reviews – Онлайн-отзывы

Reading online reviews can help you make an informed decision before making a purchase.

Look for reviews from verified customers and consider both positive and negative feedback.

In-store pickup – Самовывоз из магазина

In-store pickup allows you to order online and pick up your purchase at a physical store.

This can save time on shipping and make it easier to get your items quickly.

Digital wallet – Цифровой кошелек

A digital wallet allows you to store payment information and make purchases online or in-store.

Popular digital wallets include Apple Pay, Google Wallet, and PayPal.

Pre-order – Предварительный заказ

Pre-ordering allows you to reserve a product before it is released to the public.

This can be useful for highly anticipated products that may sell out quickly.

Limited edition – Ограниченное издание

A limited edition product is produced in a limited quantity and may have special features or packaging.

Limited edition products can be collectible and may increase in value over time.

Product description – Описание товара

The product description outlines the features and specifications of an item.

Be sure to read the description carefully before making a purchase.

Subscription service – Сервис подписки

A subscription service allows you to receive products on a regular basis.

Popular subscription services include meal kits, beauty boxes, and streaming services.

Price adjustment – Изменение цены

If a product you purchased goes on sale within a certain period of time, you may be eligible for a price adjustment.

Check the store’s policy for details on how to request a price adjustment.

Brand loyalty – Лояльность бренду

Brand loyalty is the tendency to consistently purchase products from a particular brand.

Brand loyal customers often feel a connection to the brand’s values and identify with its image.

Final sale – Финальная распродажа

A final sale means that the item cannot be returned or exchanged.

Be sure to check the return policy before making a purchase during a final sale.

Product launch – Запуск продукта

A product launch is when a new product is introduced to the market.

Marketers often build hype around product launches with teasers and promotional materials.

Delivery time – Время доставки

The delivery time is the expected date or timeframe for when your purchase will arrive.

Delivery times can vary depending on the shipping method and location.

Express delivery – Экспресс-доставка

Express delivery is a faster shipping option that usually involves an additional fee.

This can be useful if you need your purchase to arrive quickly.

Free shipping – Бесплатная доставка

Free shipping means that you do not have to pay for shipping fees on your purchase.

Many stores offer free shipping for orders over a certain amount.

Home delivery – Доставка на дом

Home delivery means that your purchase will be shipped directly to your home.

This can be convenient if you are unable to pick up your purchase in-store.

Customer service representative – Сотрудник службы поддержки клиентов

A customer service representative is someone who assists customers with questions or concerns about their purchases.

They may be able to help with issues like returns, exchanges, or product information.

Customer feedback – Обратная связь от клиентов

Customer feedback involves comments, suggestions, or complaints from customers about their experiences with a product or store.

This can be helpful for improving products and services.

Customer satisfaction – Удовлетворенность клиента

Customer satisfaction is how happy or content a customer is with their purchase and overall experience with a store.

High levels of customer satisfaction can lead to repeat business and positive word-of-mouth advertising.

Customer retention – Удержание клиентов

Customer retention refers to the ability of a store or brand to keep customers coming back for repeat purchases.

This can involve strategies like loyalty programs, personalized offers, and excellent customer service.

Customer service hotline – Горячая линия службы поддержки клиентов

A customer service hotline is a phone number that customers can call for assistance with their purchases.

Hotlines may have designated hours of operation and wait times can vary.

Delivery confirmation – Подтверждение доставки

Delivery confirmation means that the store has received confirmation that your purchase has been delivered to its intended destination.

This can provide peace of mind that your package was delivered successfully.