In Italy,
15
.
In Spain,
16
.
Effect of, on the Catholic Church,
22
.
Degenerates into a political contest,
35
.
Reformers, always unpopular in their own age, ii. 303.
Regium Donum, ii. 654.
Religion, of the English, in the 16th century, ii. 85-89.
Injurious influence of Louis XIV. on, 118, 119.
Natural and revealed, does not admit of progress, iii.
4
.
Remedies of Good and Evil Fortune, Petrarch's, i. 37.
Revolution of 1688, i. 366.
Review of Mackintosh's History of, ii. 283-356.
Revolution, the French, social and political consequences of, ii. 71, 72, 99-101, 296, 297.
Terms in which it is spoken of by M. Dumont, 98-103, 294.
Compared with the English and with the American, 107, 122-124.
The first and second, 108-110.
Warnings which preceded it, 112-122.
Richardson, Samuel, dependent on his shop for support, i. 723.
Richelieu, Duke of, captures Minorca, ii. 266.
His frivolity and vice, iii.
312
.
Robertson, Dr., sometimes misplaced words ludicrously, ii. 477.
Robinson, Sir Thomas, leader of the House of Commons, ii. 262, 263.
Rockingham, Marquess of, leader of the independent Whigs, iii.
654
.
Becomes first Lord of the Treasury,
655
.
Brings Burke to his side,
656
.
Action on the Stamp Act,
658
.
Carries the repeal,
663
.
Dismissed,
667
.
Moderation toward the new government,
672
.
Attitude toward Chatham,
680
.
Roe, Sir Thomas, advises the East India Company, ii. 737.
Rohillas, their courage and independence, iii.
139
.
Conquered for the Prince of Oude by British troops,
141
.
Roland, Madame, dying words of, ii. 100.
Execution of, iii.
533
.
Rome, its lack of progress in political science, i. 265.
Exclusive spirit of, 266.
Under the tutelage of Greece only, 267.
Literary torpor induced by despotism, 269.
Only broken by the barbarian invasions, 271.
Bribery at, ii. 431, 432.
Rome, Church of, its encroaching disposition, ii. 322.
Its policy, 334.
Remarkable history of, iii.
2
.
Rebellion against in Provence,
9
.
Lollard movement against,
13
.
The great reformation,
14
.
Internal purification of,
18
.
New enthusiasm in,
22
.
Its contest with Protestantism,
24
.
Superb organization of,
29
.
Its utilization of enthusiasts,
30
.
Degenerates again from its highest standard,
35
.
Its territorial limit,
36
.
Fourth attack on,
38
.
Its calamities during the French Revolution,
42
.
Again regained its position,
44
.
Rooke, Sir George, Rear Admiral, captures Gibraltar, ii. 158.
Fights with a French squadron near Malaga and returns to England, 159.
Rosamond, opera of, Addison's, iii.
431
.
Rousseau, Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
Royalists, their good qualities, i. 132.
Many of them friends of the constitution, 328.
Rulers, theoretical tendency of, i. 390.
Effect of public opinion on, 392.
Rupert, Prince, ii. 48, 58.
His encounter with Hampden at Chalgrove, 59.
Russell, Lord William, his conduct in the Council, ii. 581.
His death, 584.
Russia, joins Maria Theresa against
Prussia, iii.
294
.
Goes over to Prussia,
327
.
Rutland, Earl of, his character, ii. 423.
Ruyter, Admiral de, in danger of assassination, ii. 542.
Sackville, Earl of (16th century), ii. 93.
Sackville, Lord George, ii. 728.
Sadler, Michael Thomas, his Law of Population reviewed, i. 608-640.
His ranting style, 608.
Deems the asserted evil of superfecundity a reflection on the Deity, 611.
Attempts to distinguish this from other evils, 613.
His law of population, 615.
Misuse of mathematical terms, 616.
His law proved false, 618.
Danger of attaching such theories to religion, 621.
His law at most merely a theory of superfecundity, 623.
Evidence entirely against him, 624-627.
Connection between fecundity and wealth, 631.
Unfounded assertion of the sterility of the Peerage, 632.
His conclusions with regard to the United States, 636.
His ideas on their population, 637.
His faults summarized, 640.
His Refutation refuted, 656-690.
His motto ridiculed, 656.
His essay utterly bad, 657.
Tries to evade his attack on Malthus, 659.
His doctrine with regard to evil refuted, 661.
Claims that Malthus charges the Deity with partiality, 663.
Accused of "packing," 670, 680.
His theory disproved by general conditions in France, 670.
And in England, 675.
Especially by conditions in English towns, 680.
His further deductions from the fecundity of the nobility, 684.
General remarks on his work, 690.
St. John, Henry, his accession to power in 1712, ii. 177, 186.
See
Bolingbroke, Lord.
St. John, Oliver, counsel against Charles I.'s writ for ship-money, ii. 28, 32-34.
Made Solicitor-General, 40.
St. Louis, his persecution of heretics, ii. 432.
St. Maloes, ships burnt in the harbor of, ii. 276.
Saint Simon, cited, ii. 116, 184.
Sallust, characteristics of, as an historian, i. 259.
His Conspiracy of Catiline criticised, 260.
His character and genius, ii. 358.
Samson Agonistes, modelled on the Greek Drama, i. 95.
Satan, Montgomery's, worse than his other poor poems, i. 566.
Schitab Roy, ii. 133.
Scotland, cruelties of James II. in, ii. 331.
Establishment of the Kirk in, 345, 639.
Scots, the, effects of their resistance to Charles I., ii. 30, 31.
Scott, Major, selected by Hastings as his champion in Parliament, iii.
205
.
Challenges Burke to an impeachment,
213
.
Scott, Sir Walter, i. 594.
His error in Peveril of the Peak, 599.
Sedley, Catherine, ii. 340.
Seneca, his work On Anger, ii. 446.
His claims as a philosopher, 447.
His work on natural philosophy, 451.
The Baconian system in reference to, 482.
Seven Years' War, how brought about, iii.
294
.
Saxony overrun by Prussians,
304
.
Battle of Lowositz,
304
.
Bohemia invaded,
305
.
Battle at Kolin,
306
,
307
.
French defeated by Frederic at Rosbach,
313
.
Austrians at Leuthen,
314
.
Russians at Zorndorf,
318
.
Frederic repulsed at Hochkirchen by the Austrians,
319
.
At Kunersdorf,
322
.
Prussian victories at Lignitz and Torgau,
325
.
Political changes in the coalition,
326
.
End of,
328
.
Shaftesbury, Lord, allusion to, ii. 508.
His character, 568-573.
Contrasted with Halifax, 574-576.
Shakespeare, his lack of critical power, i. 205.
His correctness considered, 582, 584.
Revival of, 591.
His partiality for friars, ii. 88.
Allusion to, 94.
His character-drawing, iii.
383
.
Shelley, the poet, his strong imagination, i. 748.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, his speech charging Hastings with the spoliation of the Begums, iii.
220
.
Speaks on the same subject at the trial,
228
.
Ship-money, question of its legality, ii. 27.
Silesia, occupied by Frederic, iii.
263
.
Ceded to Prussia by Maria Theresa,
267
.
Skinner, Cyriac, i. 83.
Slavery, evils of, i. 71.
Smith, Adam, ii. 751.
Smollett, his judgment on Lord Carteret, ii. 226.
His satire on the Duke of Newcastle, 229.
Socrates, his views on the uses of astronomy, ii. 459.
Somers, Lord Chancellor, coöperates with Montague to encourage literature, iii.
409
.
Loses power,
422
.
Returns to the Council,
432
.
Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, his fall, ii. 410.
Southampton, Earl of, ii. 399, 400.
Southey, Robert, his Colloquies on Society reviewed, i. 496-545.
Their dulness, 496.
Lack of logic, 498.
His other works discussed, 499.
His style and bitterness toward opponents, 501.
His political system a matter of feeling, 503.
Hatred of the manufacturing system, 508.
Acknowledges, ignorance of political economy, 512.
His misunderstanding of credit, 513.
Views on the national debt, 514.
On public works, 517.
Claims that all government rests on religion, 520.
His advocacy of paternalism, 522.
Of religious uniformity, 526.
Feeling with regard to Catholics, 530.
On the happiness of the common people, 533.
Believes a people may be too rich, 540.
His gloomy prophecy for the future, 541.
His Life of Bunyan, 743.
Spain, review of Lord Mahon's War of the Succession in, ii. 128-186.
Her state under Philip, 131.
Her literature during the 16th century, 133.
Her state a century later, 134.
Effect produced on her by bad government, 137.
By the Reformation, 139; iii.
16
.
Her disputed succession, ii. 140.
The Partition Treaty, 141-143.
Conduct of the French toward her, 143, 144.
How affected by the death of Charles, 148
et seq.
Sparre, the Dutch general, ii. 156.
Sparta, dearth of eminent men in, i. 64.
Its stability not to be admired, 65.
Its public perfidy, 66.
Domestic unreasonableness, 67.
Slavery in, 72.
Stanhope, Earl of, ii. 238.
Stanhope, General, ii. 163.
Commands in Spain (1707), 172-175.
Star Chamber, the, ii. 23, 29, 34. Abolished, 38.
Staremberg, the imperial general in Spain (1707), ii. 172, 175.
State Trials, ii. 324, 348.
Steele, Richard, character of, iii.
439
.
Starts the Tatler,
442
,
443
.
Retained in office under pledge of neutrality between the parties,
452
.
Starts the Spectator,
452
.
The Guardian,
457
.
The Englishman,
463
.
His estrangement from Addison,
479
.
Publishes the Plebeian attacking the Peerage Bill,
481
.
Stewart, Dugald, i. 43; ii. 372.
Strafford, Earl of, his impeachment, i. 307.
His arbitrary plans, 308.
Justice of his attainder considered, 310.
Hallam's view of his punishment, 312.
Kindness of Parliament to his children, 314.
Treachery of Charles I. to, 315.
His character, ii. 24-26.
His impeachment, attainder, and execution, 37.
Defence of the proceedings against him, 39.
Sublime, Longinus on the, discussion of, by Burke and Dugald Stewart, i. 43.
Suetonius, quoted, ii. 12, 13.
Suffrage, universal, utilitarians in favor of, i. 486.
Sujah Dowlah, Nabob Vizier of Oude, buys Allahabad and Corah from Hastings, iii.
137
.
Covets Rohilcund,
139
.
Helped in conquering it by British troops,
141
.
Sulivan, Mr., chairman of the India Company, his character, ii. 732.
His relation to Clive, 736.
Sumner, Charles R., translator of
Milton's Treatise on Christian Doctrine, i. 83.
Sunderland, Earl of, ii. 238.
Surajah Dowlah, Viceroy of Bengal, his character, ii. 702.
The monster of the Black Hole, 703, 704.
Defeated by Clive at Plassey, 714.
His flight and death, 716, 720.
Investigation by the House of Commons into the circumstances of his deposition, 754.
Sweden, a member of the Triple Alliance, ii. 533.
Swift, Jonathan, his position at Sir William Temple's, ii. 586.
His wit compared to Addison's, iii.
445
.
Dreads Addison's wit,
451
.
Becomes his friend,
465
.
Sydney, Algernon, reproaches the sheriffs on the scaffold, ii. 350.
Sydney, Sir Philip, ii. 93.
Syllogistic process, analysis of, by Aristotle, ii. 478.
Tacitus, greatest Latin historian, i. 261.
Excellence of his characterization, 262.
Talleyrand, his fine perception of character, ii. 507.
Tasso, his Secchia Rapita characterized, i. 6.
Temple, Lord, First Lord of the Admiralty in the Duke of Devonshire's administration, ii. 268.
His parallel between Byng's behavior at Minorca and the king's behavior at Oudenarde, 270.
Head of a Whig faction, iii.
599
.
Resigns with Pitt,
616
.
Reputation for underhand work,
627
.
Persuades Pitt not to succeed Grenville,
650
.
Temple, Sir William, review of Courtenay's Memoirs of, ii. 498-599.
His character as a statesman, 500-508.
His family, 508, 509.
His early life, 510.
His courtship of Dorothy Osborne, 511-513.
Historical interest of his love-letters, 513, 516.
His marriage, 518.
His residence in Ireland, 518.
His feelings toward Ireland, 521.
Attaches himself to Arlington, 523, 525.
His embassy to Munster, 526.
Appointed resident at the Court of Brussels, 526.
Danger of his position, 528.
His interview with De Witt, 529.
His fame at home and abroad, 536.
His recall and farewell of De Witt, 538.
His cold reception and dismissal, 539.
Style and character of his compositions, 541.
Charged to conclude a separate peace with the Dutch, 547, 550.
Offered the Secretaryship of State, 548, 550.
His audiences of the king, 549, 554.
His share in bringing about the marriage of the Prince of Orange with the Lady Mary, 550.
Required to sign the treaty of Nimeguen, 550.
Recalled to England, 551.
His plan of a new privy council, 553-565.
His alienation from his colleagues, 580, 581.
His conduct on the Exclusion Question, 582.
Leaves public life and retires to the country, 583.
Swift, his amanuensis, 586.
His literary pursuits, 588.
His Essay on Ancient and Modern Learning, 590.
His Essay on the Letters of Phalaris, 592.
His death and character, 596-599.
Terror, Reign of, iii.
533
.
Smallness of the leaders in,
537
.
End of; the ninth Thermidor,
555
.
Tessé, Marshal, ii. 165.
Thackeray, Rev. Francis, review of his Life of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, etc., ii. 232-282.
His style and matter, 232, 233, 251.
His omission to notice Chatham's conduct toward Walpole, 252, 253.
Theramenes, his fine perception of character, ii. 507.
Thucydides, character of the speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by him, i. 51.
Difference of his history from that of Herodotus, 242.
Master of his art, 245.
His use of fictitious speeches, 246.
Inability to deduce principles from facts, 247.
General characteristics, 249.
Thurlow, Lord Chancellor, takes sides against Clive, ii. 756.
Espouses the cause of Hastings, iii.
207
.
Tickell, Thomas, a friend of Addison, iii.
440
.
His trouble with Pope over their rival translations of the Iliad,
471
.
Tindal, Nicholas, his characterization of the Earl of Chatham's maiden speech, ii. 246.
Toledo, admission of the Austrian troops into, in 1705, ii. 167.
Toleration Act, the, its provisions, ii. 344, 345.
Toleration, religious, conduct of James II. as a professed supporter of, ii. 329, 332, 336.
Tories, their popularity and ascendency in 1710, ii. 175.
Tories of 1830 and Whigs of Queen Anne's time compared, 178, 179.
Description of them during the sixty years following the Revolution, 186.
Of Walpole's time, 238, 243.
Mistaken reliance of James II. upon, 340.
Their principles and conduct after the Revolution, 354.
Contempt into which they had fallen (1754), 698.
Clive unseated by their vote, 699.
Compared with the Whigs, iii.
592
.
How regarded under the early Georges,
594
.
Admitted to some positions under the Pitt-Newcastle coalition,
602
.
Torture, the application of, by Bacon, in Peacham's case, ii. 404-408.
Its use forbidden by Elizabeth, 407.
Mr. Jardine's work on the use of it, 408.
Toulouse, Count of, compelled by Peterborough to raise the siege of Barcelona, ii. 165, 166.
Towns, concentration in, important in mediæval Italy, i. 144.
Townshend, Lord, his quarrel with Walpole and retirement from public life, ii. 240.
Tragedy, how much it has lost from a false notion of what is due to its dignity, ii. 514.
Treason, High, law passed at the Revolution respecting trials for, ii. 351.
Triple Alliance, circumstances which led to it, ii. 527-531.
Its speedy conclusion and importance, 533-537.
Dr. Lingard's remarks on it, 533, 534.
Its abandonment by the English government, 540.
Reverence for it in Parliament, 546.
Tudor sovereigns, their government popular though despotic, ii. 76.
Dependent on the public favor, 80.
Parallel between the Tudors and the Cæsars not applicable, 81.
Corruption not necessary to them, 209.
Turgot, M., ii. 121.
United Provinces, Temple's account of, a masterpiece, ii. 541.
United States, its growth in population considered, i. 636.
Utilitarians, their admiration for James Mill, i. 381.
Of little consequence, 422.
Their great principle, 449.
Their unfounded professions, 460.
Their argument for universal suffrage, 486.
Utility, the key of the Baconian doctrine, ii. 445.
Utrecht, Treaty of, exasperation of parties on account of, ii. 181.
Dangers that were to be apprehended from, 182.
State of Europe at the time, 182.
Defence of, 184-186.
Vane, Sir Harry, ii. 33.
Vansittart, Mr., his governorship of India, iii.
121
.
Vendôme, Louis, Duke of, takes the command of the Bourbon forces in Spain (1710), ii. 173, 174.
Verres, extensive bribery at the trial of, ii. 431.
Vicar of Wakefield, Goldsmith's, error in regard to its date of publication, i. 698.
Vices, effect of public sanction on, i. 162.
Vigo, capture of the Spanish galleons at, in 1702, ii. 157.
Villani, John, his account of Florence in the fourteenth century, i. 148.
Villa-Viciosa, battle of (1710), ii. 175.
Virgil, idolized by Dante, i. 20.
Voltaire, compared to Byron, i. 596.
Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
His partiality to England, 758.
Meditated a history of the conquest of Bengal, 758.
Acquaintance with Frederic the Great, iii.
254
.
Ambassador to Prussia,
268
.
His characteristics,
283
.
Goes to Berlin,
285
.
Quarrels with Frederic,
289
.
Dismissed with indignities,
291
.
Communication with Frederic renewed,
309
.
His wit compared to Addison's,
445
.
Waldegrave, Lord, made First Lord of the Treasury by George II.;
his attempt to form an administration, ii. 275.
Wales, Frederick, Prince of, joins the opposition to Walpole, ii. 244.
His marriage, 246.
Makes Pitt his groom of the bedchamber, 251.
His death, 257.
Wales, Princess dowager of, her influence on George III., iii.
606
.
Waller, Edmund, his conduct in the House of Commons, ii. 329.
Walpole, Sir Horace, review of Lord Dover's edition of his Letters to Sir Horace Mann, ii. 187-231.
Eccentricity of his character, 188, 189.
His politics, 190-192.
His affectation of philosophy, 192.
His unwillingness to be considered a man of letters, 193.
His love of the French language, 195.
Character of his works. 198-200.
His sketch of Lord Carteret, 225, 226.
Walpole, Sir Robert, cared little for literature, i. 719, 722.
His retaliation on the Tories for their treatment of him, ii. 182.
The "glory of the Whigs," 207.
His character, 207
et seq.
The charge against him of corrupting the Parliament, 211.
His dominant passion, 212, 214.
His conduct in regard to the Spanish war, 213, 214.
Formidable character of the opposition to him, 215, 243.
Outcry for his impeachment, 217.
His last struggle, 218.
His conduct in reference to the South Sea bubble, 237.
His conduct toward his colleagues, 239-242.
Finds it necessary to resign, 252.
Bill of indemnity for witnesses brought against him, 253.
Walsingham, Earl of (16th century), ii. 93.
War, Art of, Machiavelli's, i. 175.
War, adaptability of a people to, i. 151.
In Greece, 152.
In the Middle Ages, 153.
With mercenary troops, 154.
War of the Spanish Succession, Lord Mahon's, review of, ii. 128-186.
See
Spain.
Warburton, Bishop, his views on the ends of government, ii. 605.
His social contract a fiction, 659.
His opinion as to the religion to be taught by government, 664.
Way of the World, Congreve's, iii.
94
.
Wedderburne, Alexander, his able defence of Lord Clive, ii. 756, 757.
Urges Clive to furnish Voltaire with the materials for his meditated history of the conquest of Bengal, 758.
Weldon, Sir A., his story of the meanness of Bacon, ii. 420.
Wellesley, Marquess, his eminence as a statesman, ii. 555.
Wendover, its recovery of the elective franchise, ii. 15.
Wentworth, Thomas. See Strafford.
Wesley, John, Southey's Life of, i. 500.
His dislike to the doctrine of predestination, ii. 653.
Whately, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin, his work on logic, ii. 481.
Wheler, Mr., appointed Governor-General in India, iii.
160
.
Obliged to be content with a seat in the Council,
163
.
Whigs, their unpopularity and loss of power in 1710, ii. 176, 177.
Their position in Walpole's time, 242-244.
Their violence in 1679, 325.
The king's revenge on them, 327, 328.
Revival of their strength. 329.
Their conduct at the Revolution, 343.
After that event, 352.
Doctrines and literature patronized by them during the seventy years they were in power, 353, 354.
Mr. Courtenay's remark on those of the 17th century, 499.
Compared with the Tories, iii.
592
.
Power of, injured by the fall of Walpole,
594
.
Their power under the Pitt-Newcastle coalition,
599
.
Influential members of the party,
600
.
Their animosity excited by Bute,
624
.
Whig and Tory, inversion of the meaning of, ii. 177.
Whitgift, master of Trinity College, Cambridge, his character, ii. 372.
His Calvinistic doctrines, 653.
Wilberforce, William, describes Pitt's speech against Hastings, iii.
219
.
Wilkes, John, compared to Mirabeau, ii. 125, 126.
Attacks the princess dowager in print, iii.
626
.
Persecuted by Grenville's government,
639
,
642
.
Flees to France,
643
.
Trouble over his election from Middlesex,
678
.
Wilkie's Epigoniad, compared with Fénelon's Telemachus, ii. 116.
William III., only one to derive glory from the Revolution, i. 366.
Perfidy of statesmen under, 368.
His feeling in reference to the Spanish Succession, ii. 140.
Unpopularity of his person and measures, 150.
Suffered under a complication of diseases, 151.
His death, 152.
Compact with the Convention, 343.
His habit of consulting Temple, 588.
Williams, Dean of Westminster, his services to Buckingham, and counsel to him and the king, ii. 423, 424, 427.
Williams, Sir Charles, his lampoons, ii. 195.
Williams, Sir William, Solicitor-General, his character as a lawyer and his view of the duty of counsel in conducting prosecutions, ii. 394.
Wimbledon Church, Lord Burleigh hears mass at, ii. 67.
Windham, William, his opinion of Sheridan's speech against Hastings, iii.
220
.
His argument for retaining Francis in the impeachment against Hastings,
222
.
His appearance at the trial,
226
.
His adherence to Burke,
233
.
Witt, John de, power with which he governed Holland, ii. 525.
His interview with Temple, 529.
His manners, 533.
His confidence in Temple and deception by Charles's court, 538, 539.
His violent death, 542.
Wolfe, General, Pitt's panegyric upon, ii. 249.
His conquest of Quebec, and death, 276.
Monument voted to him, 277.
Wordsworth, William, his independence, i. 595.
A high priest of nature, 597.
Quoted, ii. 235.
Writing, grand canon of, ii. 129.
Wycherley, William, birth and education, iii.
63
,
64
.
Early plays,
65
.
Connection with the Duchess of Cleveland,
66
.
Naval adventures,